In recent years, the industrial economy of our country is overall growth is rapidder, international production industry transfers sign quickly to China apparent, but have not cast off product class the situation with weak competition ability of low, international. China makes a product, eliminate labour cost low outside, other all do not have competitive advantage like the respect such as content of quality, design, technology. Current, put in such phenomenon in domestic economy progress, namely high-grade product blame entrance is produced by the mechanical equipment of the entrance namely. And equipment of those high accuracy machinery eliminate an import outside, pass likely still again entrance equipment machinery of upper reaches is produced. Namely every production segment, of the entrance always taller than wanting homebredly class. It is with the mobile phone exemple, although the part is homebred,mobile phone quality imports a product more than, but housing is produced by entrance mould mostly. And the mould of highest precision needs high end of have the aid of to import CNC Machining center to produce again. Whole manufacturing industry counts entrance equipment for a long time, bring about vicious circle, the likelihood brings 3 results: It is cannot acquire the newest and best technology facility on international from beginning to end. The manufacturing industry that causes China stays in two running water to make the same score forever. The 2 major value that are end item are gotten by developed country place. 3 it is the core skill that cannot master whole economy to develop, the lifeblood of national economy masters in other hand from beginning to end. Accordingly, the author thinks, china should be caught up with in manufacturing industry respect or exceed a developed country, developing basis of property of native numerical control, mould to go up energetically, want active promotion to use equipment of high-grade numerical control, include to import abroad's advanced CNC Machining center appropriately. Because machine tool of high-grade numerical control, mould is in,make the foremost end of industrial catenary. And the discretion of mould product quality, also be equipment of CNC Machining of be enslaved to be enslaved to greatly. 5 axes linkage is the delegate of high-grade numerical control. Long-term since, US-led western industry developed country, all the time the strategic goods and materials with serve as system of machine tool of numerical control of 5 axes linkage important, execute exit system of licensing. Developing country not only there is difficulty on manufacturing research and development, and introducing a respect to also have very great resistance. Machine tool of numerical control of 5 axes linkage important, depend on it can machining the mechanical fittings that has complex curved surface, special solving impeller, lamina, marine the respect such as crankshaft of airscrew, large diesel engine has distinct advantage. Accordingly, the numerical control machine tool of high accuracy is equipment, scientific to the military affairs of a country, aerospace, accurate medical treatment the industry such as research, accurate instrument is having the force that hold the balance, can says " the soul of manufacturing industry " . Modern numerical control machine tool develops development by the developed country such as the United States, Japan, Germany above all. Accordingly, from eye antecedent condition looks, the technical content of the entrance should be compared relatively homebred better, but quality also is catching up with the product of research and development of domestic share business to come stage by stage. Want to be on the foundation that introduces foreign advanced technique and device appropriately, the attention is digested absorb, develop property of native high-end numerical control steadily. Count an import blindly, be sure to make Chinese manufacturing industry stops therefore be enslaved to be enslaved to of whole countryman economy person. But human history the progress of a kind of any science and technology, be the development on the shoulder that stands in giant, the advanced science technology with existing exotic nation of slam the door need not, also be one kind acts blindly undoubtedly the thought with extremely arrogant. Because the administrative levels of Chinese industry is more, add the machine of high-grade numerical control that is a delegate with 5 axes linkage the price is high, introduce in particular industry and enterprise be practical and realistic still answers on application. Some process the product with precision inferior requirement, with common treatment facilities more economy. Like Ning Bo's neodymium Tie Peng exports an industry is with peaceful wave this locality in machine tool of cheap numerical control is rely on, use low cost strategy to drive. In mould industry, generation is for instance accurate model, cast modular company to use need not machine tool of high-grade numerical control, crucial to improving the quality of mould product. The industry waits in equipment of other nicety instrument, aerospace, medical treatment, should encourage introduce sophisticated technical equipment. A few be in developing enterprise, can use the method that the technology combines, buy the technical equipment with a few high value. Like Ning Bo boreal logical sequence has 3 start a company, this is the company of mould technology service that one furniture has international to machine equipment first-rate, amount to by auspicious course of study, light, brightness flourishing, Xin etc 5 enterprises are collective and contributive establish. What the total aim that hold water is boreal logical sequence technically namely is medium small pattern company serves, the repetition that reduces entrance facility invests, solve high-tech difficult problem for whole pattern industry. If one has the machining center of 5 axes linkage of international advanced technique, the price is controlled 10 million yuan, general medium and small businesses not only investment does not rise, and utilization rate of equipment and installations is not tall. Through investing a form jointly, solve the treatment difficult problem of contributive enterprise not only, and can serve for more medium and small businesses. This enterprise first phase invests more than yuan 8000 in all, use at purchasing equipment of foreign high-grade treatment. With yearly salary at the same time many yuan 100 invite foreign expert to undertake instructor. Local government also offerred certain subsidy. Anyhow, in high end production industry is popularized and application is numerical control machinery of the representing to equip with 5 axes linkage, make industrial arrangement to raising China, progress of stimulative industry technology, product upgrades replacement has very important sense. The technology that should encourage the company that has economic actual strength and strategic eye to transform oneself actively not only equips, various government still should guide correctly, give the policy with certain business to give aid to. The development tendercy of machining center of 5 axes high speed comes nearly more than 10 years, wait for ceaseless progress of the technology as a result of cutting tool, drive, control and machine tool, high speed treatment and efficient treatment, especially high speed hard mill already got apply extensively and be popularizinged in mould manufacturing industry, conventional electric spark treatment already was replaced by place of high speed hard mill in a lot of circumstances. Through high speed hard mill installs the mould blank below clip to undertake be machininged integratedly to, improved the treatment precision of the mould and exterior quality greatly not only, reduced handling time substantially, and simplified to produce technological process, shortened significantly thereby the production of the mould is periodic, reduced a mould to produce cost. The character of service that high speed machining center improves ceaselessly is mould manufacturing industry be able to efficient the fundamental premise that machines a mould with high accuracy. In recent years, in drive technology drive below, emerge in large numbers gives the high speed machining center of the numerous and different type with structural innovation, good performance. The machining center of 3 axes high speed that the later period in 90 time appears (machining center of the HSM700 that if Swiss Mikron company is in,end rolled out 1996 high speed) already developed machining center of 5 axes high speed now. On drive means, already from sharp movement (X/Y/Z axis) servo electric machinery and drive of ball guide screw develop drive of current linear electric machinery, circumgyrate moves (A and C axis) the torsion electric machinery that used direct drive, some companies make through linear electric machinery and torsion electric machinery machining center development helps sb to fulfill his wishes the 5 rods that use direct drive machining center. The journey rate that raised machining center significantly, dynamic function and fixed position precision. The structural characteristic of high speed machining center and advantage are used at the high speed machining center that the mould machines, a common structural characteristic is to use structure of frame of dragon door type, enhance machine tool tigidity with this, and facilitate make full use of the space that machines an area. The material of machine tool lathe bed is most used polymer concrete, because this kind of material has better damp performance and inferior hot conductivity, reason is helpful for raising the treatment precision of the mould. Current, according to the configuration of reference axis, machining center basically can divide 5 axes for type of two kinds of structures. One kind is, 3 straight bobbin (X/Y/Z) is used at cutting tool moves and adding twice to rotate axis (the turn that A and C) use at workpiece and swinging structural type. The high speed machining center of this kind of type, like German R? The RXP500DS/RXP800DS of Der company, the GS1000/5-T of German Alzmetall company, the HSM400U/HSM600U of Swiss Mikro is the XSM400U/XSM600U that exceeds high speed machining center with what say, and the C30U/C40U/C50U of German Hermle. Another kind is, 5 reference axis swing medium axis (A) sets the structural type on main shaft head, swing through what head of furcate main shaft realizes main shaft cutting tool, and swing main shaft head also can pass firm clamp, make its fixed position is swinging the random inside angle limits locally. The machine tool of this kind of type is like the DMC75V Linear/DMC105V Linear of company of German De Maji, the GAMMA605/1200 of high speed milling machine of the HPM1850U of Mikro and German Rolf Wisser. Have individual machine tool swing axis and rotor all are installed go up in main shaft head, the 5 axes of the center of milling of G996V/BSH/5A high speed that is like German Parat company and German Edel company or 6 axes planer-type milling machine. Machining center of 5 axes high speed should compare 3 axes on the price machining center is a lot of higher, the 5 axes that occupy series of De Maji DMC75V machining center with 3 axes machining center undertakes the price is compared, 5 axes should be made an appointment with than the price of 3 axes tall 50% . Although price of machining center of 5 axes high speed is tall, but this kind of high-grade machine tool suits to use the pattern with treatment geometry mixed appearance particularly. Machining center is processing 5 rods deeper, steeper model when antrum, the add circumgyrate that can carry workpiece or main shaft head and swing to create first-rate craft condition to establish the treatment of milling cutter, avoid cutting tool and arbor and model antrum wall produces collision, reduce a knife to provide those who add man-hour to shake the danger with cutting tool damaged, be helpful for raising the durability of efficiency of the exterior quality of the mould, treatment and cutting tool thereby. When the user is purchasing machining center, it is to choose 3 axes machining center still is 5 axes machining center, answer to wait for a requirement to decide according to the complex degree of appearance of mould antrum geometry and precision. Can see in the process that innovates ceaselessly from high speed machining center, make full use of the newest achievement in current technology domain, use drive technology and the newest positive result that dominate a technology especially, it is to raise function of machining center high speed, dynamic character and the key that machine precision ceaselessly. Main shaft of report of high speed of electric main shaft is the core component of high speed machining center. In the treatment of mould freedom curved surface and complex outline, often use lesser diameter of 2 ～ 12mm establish milling cutter, and when the electric spark that processing copper or black lead data machines used electrode, the cutting rate with very high demand, accordingly, electric main shaft must have very high rotate speed. Current, the main shaft rotate speed of machining center is in mostly 18000 ～ 42000r/min, rotate speed of its main shaft already amounted to the XSM400U/XSM600U of high speed machining center of Swiss Mikro 54000 R/min. And the imperceptible milling to the mould (milling cutter diameter is used commonly 0. 1 ～ 2mm) , need higher rotate speed. Be like the milling machine of 5 axes high accuracy of German Kugler company, its are highest 160000 R/min(of main shaft turn up uses air bearing) , such high rotate speed, should use 0.
When the milling cutter of 3mm diameter machines steel model, with respect to the cutting rate that can achieve 150m/min. Current, institute of technology of German Fraunhofer production is developing rotate speed to be the main shaft that the air bearing of 300000 R/min props up. When machining a mould, always use very high rotate speed, and what high rotate speed arises is calorific, and the main factor that the produces possibly vibration when cutting is precision of influence mould treatment. To assure the stability that main shaft of high speed report works, contain on main shaft with the sensor that will measure temperature, displacement and vibration, so that be opposite,displacement of the temperature rise of electric machinery, bearing and main shaft, axial and vibration undertake monitoring. The numerical control system that is high speed machining center from this provides correction data, in order to alter main shaft rotate speed and feed rate, undertake optimizing to machining parameter. Produce axial displacement when main shaft, can pass was amended at 0 o'clock or orbit is amended will undertake compensating. Linear electric machinery is current, the majority on the high speed machining center that mould treatment uses or milling machine still uses servo electric machinery and ball guide screw to come drive is steep reference axis, but partial machining center already used linear electric machinery, for example machining center of milling machine of the RXP500DS/RXP800DS of German Röders company high speed and the DMC75V Linear of company of heart auspicious horse high speed (its axis acceleration amounts to 2g and quick stroke speed to amount to 90m/min) . Because this kind of steep drive discharged the transmission component that circumgyrate athletic changeover is sharp movement, the dynamic performance that can improve an axis significantly thereby, floating rate and treatment precision. The machine tool that uses drive of linear electric machinery can improve productivity significantly. When machining electric spark to machine used electrode for example, handling time should decrease than using milling machine of tradition high speed 50% . Linear electric machinery can improve the dynamic performance of high speed machine tool significantly. Because mould great majority is three-dimensional curved surface, when cutting tool is machining curved surface, cutting tool axis should undertake apply the brake is mixed ceaselessly quickly. It is through higher axial acceleration talent only below very high path velocity case, ensure on shorter orbit way with constant every tine feed dogs given outline. If the curvature radius of curved surface outline heals small, feed speed heals tall, so the axial acceleration of the requirement heals tall. Accordingly, the axial acceleration of the machine tool affects the machines precision and cutting tool durability of the mould greatly. Torsion electric machinery is on high speed machining center, of circumgyrate workbench swing and of head of furcate main shaft swing to wait for motion with circumgyrate, use torsion electric machinery extensively already to come true. Torsion electric machinery is a kind of synchronous electric machinery, its rotor secures the part that wants drive in place to go up directly, do not have mechanical drive component so, it resembles linear electric machinery is direct actuating device euqally. The drive of worm wheel worm that the angular acceleration that torsion electric machinery can achieve wants to compare a tradition is 6 times higher, swinging the acceleration when head of furcate main shaft can achieve 3g. Because torsion electric machinery can achieve extremely tall static state and dynamic and laden tigidity, rose thereby rotor and swing fixed position precision of the axis and repeat precision. Current, already had the high speed machining center of partial manufacturer, already used linear electric machinery and torsion electric machinery to part drive is steep axis (X/Y/Z) and circumgyrate swing axis (C and A) . Be like the RXP500DS/RXP800DS of R Er, the CyPort5 axis of De Maji's DMC75V Linear and Edel planer-type milling machine. What should allude is, the rotor photograph of the straight bobbin of direct drive and direct drive is combined, make all athletic rods have the machine tool higher dynamic performance and adjust characteristic, machined mould freedom curved surface to offer optimal condition for high rate, high accuracy and fast face quality thereby. Controlling systematic CNC to control a system is the main component of high speed machining center, it is deciding the speed that the machine tool machines, precision and exterior quality greatly. Accordingly, to machining the high speed machine tool of mould freedom curved surface, the function of numerical control system has particularly important sense. When machining curved surface of high accuracy freedom, the cutting tool contrail that by small Duan Zhi line and circular arc form creates huge part program, these data shed need to control a system to store and be handled by the machine tool, accordingly, the accident of block processing time is the main index that decides CNC controls systematic work efficiency. Current, the block processing time of system of high-grade CNC control can be amounted to commonly 0.
5ms(is like) of system of ITNC530 numerical control, and the block processing time of system of individual numerical control already shortened 0.
2 ～ 0.
4ms. Apply at the system of contemporary CNC numerical control that mould high speed processes, besides providing promising to ensure the very short course with necessary place of speed of high speed feed handles time, still should have Nurbs and batten interpolation function, can have the job with the resolution of accept rice, so that quality of tall treatment precision and surface is acquired below the circumstance that high speed machines. Current, high-grade numerical control system also can have link with the CAD/CAM system of different manufacturer, data conveys to control a system to go up with very high rate from net of aether of CAD/CAM system classics. CAD/CAM is compositive go up to control system, can make the treatment of complex outline obtains the mould greatly favorable result, right shorten settling time and process designing time make very important contribution. On the machine tool of 5 axes high speed of afore-mentioned place quote, removing company of R Er is outside using the numerical control system that oneself develop, the system of ITNC530 numerical control that other basically is the 840D that used Xi Menzi and Hai Dehan company. The last word comes nearly 10 years, drive technology and the great progress that control a system, those who drove the ceaseless innovation of machining center structure and performance is ceaseless rise. The application of electric main shaft, linear electric machinery, torsion electric machinery and system of quick numerical control is the high speed to raising machining center, tall trends and tall treatment precision had conclusive effect. And in a variety of structure innovation that machine a machine tool in the mould, torsion electric machinery had particularly main effect. The turn that it uses at circumgyrate workbench not only and swing drive, and still apply at head of furcate main shaft swing or of main shaft head swing and circumgyrate drive, the 5 rods that make all sorts of different types from this machining center. And circumgyrate and swing the application of main shaft head, milling machine offerred the precision of high speed of type of door of 5 axes dragon that machines large mould to develop again technical support. Henceforth, the development key that raising main shaft rotate speed, dynamic function and journey rate further still is high speed machining center, this still should rely on the further progress of drive technology and numerical control technology not only, even component part of hang on machine tool is small the development of quantified development and shunt-wound machine tool. Can expect, henceforth in 5 years, the axial acceleration hopeful of high speed machining center or high speed milling machine achieves 3 ～ 4g, the quick stroke speed of reference axis achieves 100 ～ 140m/min. CNC Milling
CNC Machining